## Increasing design efficiency

However, providing an adjusted design after each road or artwork change costs a lot of work. About two years ago, WTOP decided to investigate where most of the time was spent in the process of designing, and where this could be done more efficiently. This showed that in a number of these processes, many hours were spent on repetitive and unimaginative work. In addition, it turned out that arranging and creating a smooth line with these barriers is a complicated process and time-consuming. Jaap van de Werfhorst, owner of WTOP infra, decided that this process should be automated.

## Automating the process

The work of manually placing elements along the road based on a maximum angular rotation and, if it turns out not to fit, to start this process all over again, had to find an alternative solution. WTOP infrastructure was in contact with VIKTOR to see how various processes could be better linked to each other, and the above mentioned problem was discussed with the question wheher using VIKTOR would be fruitful. At VIKTOR they came up with the proposal to do this with a self-written algorithm. Van de Werfhorst: “Initially, there was still uncertainty whether the algorithm could also handle complex projects. If it could carry out the 80% easiest projects, it would not be of much use to us, because it is precisely in the difficult 20% where the most profit lies.”

## An application for complex projects

“After several brainstorming sessions, we were confident that the application could also handle complex projects,” explains Van de Werfhorst. In the application you can define your grid, the bounds of the design, the horizontal and vertical alignment, the maximum angular rotations between the elements, variables related to defining the angular rotations, other constraints such as cables and pipes, artworks, etc. and where you wants to apply your fitting elements. All these parts can be entered in both x, y and z directions. Based on all this input, the algorithm determines the optimal line of the noise barrier. In a visual representation, the application shows by means of colors whether the barrier can be made with the specified conditions. If it turns out that this does not work, the application indicates where the problems are, so that the conditions can be adjusted at those specific locations if desired. This can be done by increasing the angular rotation between the elements, which may then create elements that meet the requirements or by giving the barrier some more space by adjusting the bounds of the design. The great thing is that the program examines and calculates hundreds of thousands of possibilities within a few minutes. The application also generates a list of coordinates in x, y and z direction of the design. This list of coordinates is imported into Excel by WTOP infra, after which all elements that meet the requirements are generated by dynamo and placed in a 3D model. In addition, dynamo in combination with excel creates a quantity list with the main dimensions per element. As a result, the consequences of design choices are immediately visible in both a 3D model and quantities.

## What can be gained? 

Due to this extensive automation, instead of spending much work on unimaginative tasks, the time can now be spent on solving details and interfaces. The advantage is that various choices can be made clear at a detailed level quickly in the tender phase, which also makes it easier to estimate the risks. Since all parts and placements are generated from a single coordinate list, including the production drawings and layout drawings, it is also possible to act quickly during the design process and execution, and failure costs due to changes can be minimized.

Van de Werfhorst: “The step that we have taken together with VIKTOR ensures that we are at the beginning of a development that can be carried out much further by linking this to schedules, cost estimates, etc.” The application and links made with analysis- and drawing programs are useful not only for noise barriers, but also for everything in which prefabricated (3D) elements are placed on or along an alignment, which is currently also being implemented.

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For complex projects, it is important to deliver designs in complete 3D, so that they can be incorporated into BIM. But this process takes a lot of time. 

An algorithm that makes noise barrier design much faster

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WTOP Infra Deploys Algorithm to Make Noise Barrier BIM Design Faster with Dynamo in VIKTOR

## Custom truss constructions

The truss constructions at large music stages become bigger and more complex. Festivals want to have their own unique stage, with a custom truss construction. These constructions are very expensive if they have to be custom made, or you have to deal with a limited set of standard shapes with existing products. 

![Truss construction design in the analyze one](/uploads/Truss_constructions_in_the_analyze_one_3bfe986172.jpg)


### Software and building blocks

FrameFlux is offering an affordable option for creating your custom construction. Yufe Wong, cofounder of Frameflux: “We invented an adjustable, reusable building block, with which you can create any shape structure you want, with the same level of form-freedom as a snake!” Besides the physical product they also developed in-house [parametric design](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) and analysis software tools to rapidly design these custom shapes and analyse them. “You can perform a structural feasibility check in seconds on an unlimited set of forms, including the conventional shapes.” This removes a barrier to the use of the truss, since it would be difficult to engineer and design some of the complex structural shapes that become feasible.

![Truss construction design](/uploads/Truss_construction_design_56c25ff136.jpg)


## Hitting the market

After demonstrating the software tools to customers and receiving a lot of enthusiasm, FrameFlux wanted to take the next step. After an elaborate vendor selection, FrameFlux partnered with VIKTOR for their experience and integration with Grasshopper and Python, along with a user-friendly interface to suit the needs. Since March 2020, the two companies have been collaborating to deliver this software product, named Antalyze One. This application allows integration with SCAD Re-Event, a popular 3D CAD program for the Dutch event industry. Now a super-fast workflow for design of standard truss beams is realized: users can create a design in SCAD Re-Event, export the data to the web-based VIKTOR platform, and then instantly run a Grasshopper-powered structural feasibility check. It is also possible to make changes in VIKTOR and re-import these back into SCAD Re-Event. VIKTOR’s fine grain data management systems, for user information and technical data, allow for such automation when coupled with Grasshopper. In future, integrations with other CAD programs will be possible.

![Data mangement systems for truss constructions](/uploads/Data_management_system_8043c8a027.png)


## A user-friendly interface

“With VIKTOR we’ve got a friendly user interface and a good integration with our existing Grasshopper model, instead of starting over again.” In the web-application an event designer can also upload their design and other relevant inputs whenever and wherever they want. As before, this information is sent to the Grasshopper model in which the analysis is done. The results of this analyses are sent back to the web-application and visualized for the event designer.

![Visualizations of truss construction designs](/uploads/Truss_construction_visualizations_deb241cb3c.jpg)


## The 'Antalyze Two'?
The decision to automate this process is an easy one according to Yufe “A designer can now create, develop and get a structural feasibility check on their preliminary designs of loaded straight beams without hours of spreadsheet work or consultation.” There are already plans for a potential ‘Antalyze Two’, which will be able to process a much greater variety of structural shapes. “Especially for custom-made constructions it could take weeks before a design was analysed by a consultant. With our software and the web-application made on the VIKTOR platform, a check could be run on squares, circles and snake-like structures… in only a matter of seconds!”

Interested in developing web-applications as well? Check out our [parametric design solutions](https://www.viktor.ai/parametric-design-software)!

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It is now possible to analyse structures with a user-friendly web application quicker than ever before!

Analyse any truss construction design within seconds

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FrameFlux Analyses Truss Construction Design in Seconds with Grasshopper and VIKTOR

## Designing a sustainable future

Stefan Schoenmakers, design leader Civil Realisation Substructure of the Theemsweg route at Wagemaker explains that the Calandbrug will have reached its technical lifespan in 10 years. It was built around 1970 and provides road and freight traffic. By removing freight traffic, the lifespan is extended and at the same time the with new rail viaduct, the train traffic does not experience interference of opening and closing the bridge for shipping. The new route is designed for the next 100 years. “We have to look and think far ahead, because mobility issues may change over this period of time. This makes it a very interesting project”.

## Many parts to a mega project

Wagemaker designs almost all the foundations for this project. Wagemaker is part of SaVe, a construction consortium consisting of Besix, Dura Vermeer and Mobilis that is responsible for the design and realisation. “We work with a design team of 12 people at Wagemaker, where my job as design manager is to ensure that our product, drawings and calculations are finished on time and distributed within the organisation of SaVe. We look at implementation, manufacturability, optimisations, alignments with the road design team, with provisions for lighting, making certain parts prefab, and much more. Our constructors and modellers work on all these things simultaneously”, says Schoenmakers. A mega project.

## Complexity and diversity

Not only the size is a challenge; the route is 4 km in length, but also the complexity. “You come across different types of soil situations. In some places the foundation is in water, in other places you have to build across an existing lock, or you have to deal with a very poor soil structure, or a soil structure in which inserting piles is a challenge. It is very diverse.”, says Schoenmakers. In addition, we are dealing with the fact that almost every location is very specific regarding the number of cables and pipes in the ground. Wagemaker looked for an effective way of analysing the foundation supports. “In principle we have 100 support points, some of which are identical, but the situation is different due to the soil composition. Initially, we wanted to make a certain design choice based on a comparison between support points that are similar and then calculate only one”, which is not optimal. Due to previous collaboration on another project, they ended up at VIKTOR. “We worked on the TenneT project, of Heijmans. You were involved in that project as well, and we then saw what was possible and we also want to stimulate development. So we said right away, we are going to do it together with VIKTOR!”.

## The role of the VIKTOR platform

With VIKTOR, the substructure of the route has been parametrically designed and calculated. This was done, among other things, by means of integrations with geotechnical and structural calculation software such as the finite element program SCIA. Schoenmakers: “By using your tool, we were able to generate parametric models with corresponding load cases for all supports and foundations. This made it easy to analyse internal force distributions, pile reactions and other calculation results. We ultimately opted for 5 to 6 basic foundations. They were all defined in the database of the tool and we could attach foundation characteristics, such as soil properties. Actually, this is in reverse order to the normal process, enabling us to much better determine where optimisations are present”.

Using the tool resulted in making the design process and reporting more efficient. The VIKTOR platform has been very valuable not only in the field of calculations, but also towards the client and testing authorities: “This has enabled us to demonstrate that we have been able to design and analyse all support points properly,” says Schoenmakers.

## Wagemaker focuses on digitisation

Wagemaker clearly focuses on the digitisation of engineering; A few years ago, a Virtual Design department was established to keep up with the developments. Of the 8 people there are 2 dedicated programmers employed. “If we can save time on projects by doing things [smarter](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/40/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-engineering-construction), we have more time for complex projects where we cannot automate or parametrise anything. You became an engineer for the complex thinking involved, thereby empowering people. You don’t want to do the same thing 10 times. It may be nice the first time, and second time as well, but then it stops. It is very time consuming and if you have to do the same thing 10 times over, the chance of errors will also increase”. VIKTOR has provided a clear solution for this. Wagemaker recently participated in a few technical sessions at VIKTOR, in which three engineers are now learning to develop their own tool in the VIKTOR platform. Not participating in this development is not an option for Wagemaker. “We try to stay ahead, because the moment you can do something that someone else cannot do, it strengthens our market position.”

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The Theemsweg route is a new railway viaduct, which allows uninterrupted train traffic on the first part of the Betuwelijn, without having to stop for ships. A challenging project for VIKTOR and Wagemaker, who is responsible for the engineering of the substructure of the route!

Parametric models to design the structure of the Theemsweg route

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Wagemaker Uses Parametric SCIA Models in VIKTOR to Design the Theemsweg Railway Viaduct

## Automation in the offshore sector

While a lot of automation is already taking place in the automotive and aviation sector, the offshore sector is still lagging behind. According to Maas Hoogeveen, Technology Director at Mocean Offshore and developer of Calypso, this is because the offshore industry is a highly conservative market. “Everybody works on their own projects and has their own reasons for sticking to the old principles. But we are working on applications with automated calculations that will reduce the time and money spent on a project.”

### No more manual tasks

In the jack-up industry, there are still many repetitive tasks performed by engineers. This is partially due to the complexity of the frameworks laid down in ISO 19905. However, it is not commercially viable for the experts to fully perform the extensive calculations manually; they have to use conservative shortcuts. Hoogeveen: “We use algorithms and parametric models, so that shortcuts no longer need to be used and calculations can be done faster and more specific.”

>“The best way to share knowledge is by making it available through a web application.” - Maas Hoogeveen

## Looking for the right digital tools

Maas has spoken with many market parties about making his application available online via a web interface. “It would be a costly enterprise to even create a Minimal Viable Product. Then I came into contact with VIKTOR, which was a great fit. The interface was exactly what I envisioned. It meets the wishes of various stakeholders. A sales manager, for instance, may want to use Calypso as a means of communication with which he or she can generate clear images, whereas an engineer may want to perform in-depth calculations and optimize the use of a platform. Calypso’s interface caters to many different users, which is made possible by the versatility of the powerful VIKTOR platform. Another big advantage is that the costs are much lower.”

> “The web application was developed within 40 hours. The iterations that have been done were also implemented quickly. This offers enormous opportunities because time and budget are the bottleneck.”

## What is Calypso?

### Site-specific assessment

Calypso is a tool for performing site-specific assessments on any jack-up platform. This determines whether you can install wind turbines with a light or a heavy platform. The tool can be used even before you start a tender. Maas Hoogeveen explains: “We specialize in analysis of jack-ups. The knowledge and calculation methods contained in Calypso are an implementation of the jack-up engineering standard ISO 19905-1:2016. With this application, every engineer can perform a site-specific assessment (SSA).”

Check out how you can analyze offshore wind turbine installation platforms without being expert with Calypso and VIKTOR:

<div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/584895866?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Calypso-Tutorial-Jack-up-SSA"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>

### Automated calculations

In addition, the calculations are automated, but an engineer can still look deep inside the system to check all steps and calculations. “This is what we call the glass box paradigm, as opposed to the black box”, Hoogeveen explains.

### Capitalizing knowledge and skill

The main objective of Calypso is to capitalize upon knowledge and skills regarding jack-up engineering by making these available to the offshore industry. Running it as a VIKTOR application is a great way to achieve this: “VIKTOR matched perfectly with our vision of what the interface should be. The way parameters are set and how the model is directly visualised is how we imagined it,” Hoogeveen explains. The web-based application can be used independently by clients, so they can make calculations on their own data and problems.

![Web-based VIKTOR Calypso application.png](/uploads/Web_based_VIKTOR_Calypso_application_3bdaa727dc.png)

## Fast development is not impossible!

The development of a web interface to an application doesn’t have to take months, it can be realized in just a week. Maas Hoogeveen: “We developed a headless application, containing the algorithms and parametric models. With this basis and the assistance of VIKTOR developers we build the Calypso application in only 40 hours. The extensive possibilities of the VIKTOR platform are inspiring. With their help, Calypso is as accessible and user-friendly as we imagined.”

![Calyps and VIKTOR platform.png](/uploads/Calyps_and_VIKTOR_platform_302aedac81.png)

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With Calypso you can analyse offshore wind turbine installation platforms without being a jack-up engineering expert!

Everyone can analyse offshore wind turbine installation platforms

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Calypso Empowers Anyone to Analyse Offshore Wind Turbine Jack-Up Platforms

## Why Dynamo?

People from different disciplines use all kinds of different software programs. Where structural designers make extensive use of BIM and CAD software, such as Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD, road designers use Autodesk Civil3D and Bentley MX Road. The skilled designers amongst us automate their workflows in these packages using Dynamo: By creating Dynamo scripts, manual actions can be automated in structural design software, which saves designers lots of time.

Dura Vermeer’s engineers and technical modellers are among these skilled engineers who are highly acquainted with those software packages and use Dynamo intensively in their design process. Their experience, expertise, and the concept of visual programming enable them to quickly develop models with Dynamo. However, some needs are yet to be covered: The exchange of data and versioning of that data remains challenging.

## Why VIKTOR?

Also, although Dynamo is a convenient tool, it has a learning curve: Often only a specialist knows how it works, making other disciplines dependent on the time and resources of these specialized individuals. That’s where VIKTOR comes into play. VIKTOR is a web application development platform for engineers and has a large variety of digital building blocks (like digital LEGO), such as integrations with structural design software. VIKTOR’s web applications provide a central database with version control on the data and offer an intuitive user interface where other disciplines can easily use encapsulated expert knowledge. This is also known as: Democratization of Knowledge.

But the question remains: How do you leverage Dura Vermeer’s existing expertise in Dynamo and VIKTOR’s distribution and data control? The answer: By building an integration between the two! VIKTOR and Dura Vermeer collaborated and developed a Dynamo-VIKTOR node package: Nodes where data can be fetched and pushed from Dynamo to VIKTOR.

## Single Source of Truth

In Dura Vermeer's current design process, the exchange of parameters between the different disciplines often takes place via mail or quick hand-drawn sketches. However, this is not foolproof and can become increasingly risky when many versions and alterations are made. By developing a VIKTOR web application that automatically integrates with different design software, Dura Vermeer no longer requires manual output exchanges. Of course, active communication between the different professionals is still needed, but less normative.

### Creating Dynamo scripts

The Dynamo-VIKTOR node package consists of several nodes (in Dynamo terms, a node is a visual representation of methods/functions with only input and output). When properly placed, the nodes can perform a task such as establishing a connection between Dynamo and VIKTOR. The following figure shows a representation that makes it possible to acquire the input parameters of an entity from VIKTOR to Dynamo. Other configurations of these nodes can create alternative tasks, such as getting results, getting files and even pushing data to VIKTOR.

![The Dynamo-VIKTOR node package](/uploads/Dynamo_VIKTOR_node_package_3359b129c6.png)

By connecting these strings of nodes to other Dynamo nodes, actions and even designs can be automated using the design software. This series of nodes is called a Dynamo script. Once the script is executed, multiple tasks that can be used in Revit will be performed. Since Dynamo is not only supported in Revit, scripts can also be developed for AutoCAD, Civil 3D, Inventor, etc.

### Using the Dynamo-VIKTOR node package

The video shows the same Dynamo-VIKTOR node package used in both Revit and Civil 3D. The video shows how the cross-section is manipulated using the parameters given in VIKTOR. No external exchange file is necessary, resulting in a live connection between all disciplines (in this case the structural engineer, road designer and structural modeller) which is practising the single source of truth principle.

<div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/584816499?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="DV_Dynamo-VIKTOR_nodes_ViktorUBak_v3(1)"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>

## Connecting software and knowledge

The collaboration between VIKTOR and Dura Vermeer has made a huge difference regarding the way software is deployed. Not only are software packages connected, but also the knowledge of the professionals. Both parties ended up speaking the same digital language, even though their knowledge backgrounds were so different.

In only one sprint (a two-week development period) the live connection between VIKTOR and the structural design software was explored and finally established. Further development will most likely yield many more functionalities and applications, as all kinds of design software can tap into this single source of truth.

## A reusable package for future automation efforts

The Dynamo-VIKTOR node package is a very general utility to exchange data between VIKTOR and Dynamo. It can be linked to any VIKTOR app for which credentials are available and any Dynamo script. That is why this is a digital building block that Dura Vermeer can reuse in their future automation efforts as well. In the long term, VIKTOR can continue to provide digital building blocks that Dura Vermeer can use to realize their vision of becoming the best digital contractor in the Netherlands.

If you are interested or have any questions or remarks about this development, do not hesitate to contact us at: contact@viktor.ai


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The design and construction of objects requires many disciplines that all use different software programs to come together. By integrating software like Dynamo and Civil 3D with the VITKOR platform, data can easily be exchanged and automatically generated. 

A single source of truth for Dynamo and Civil 3D

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Dura Vermeer Connects Dynamo and Civil3D with VIKTOR to Automate Data Exchange

## Collecting everything in one place

Roland Snelders has been involved in the development of the concrete slab reinforcement application for Heijmans. “We could read the internal moments from a SCIA file and these were collected in the report, usually in a table. Then those moments could be entered in Excel and the reinforcement was determined and tested in an iterative process. That calculation was therefore copied to the report. ” This way of working could be done more efficiently. It would be easy if copying numbers is no longer necessary, because everything is collected in one place.

### No more copy + paste

That's exactly what the application they created does. Snelders: “From SCIA we can now export an XML file and read it into the application on the VIKTOR platform. The Excel sheet is also linked to this. After selecting the concrete cross-section data and various reinforcement options, I get a picture with colors that indicate where the reinforcement should be.” This ensures that you go directly from the SCIA file with a once-off data entry to a visualisation of the results that come from the Excel sheet, without having to copy anything.

### Centralizing data

The Excel sheet has not been completely transferred into the application, but rather has been linked to it. This has the advantage that it does not have to be recreated, which would then have to be validated. In addition, all manufacturers know how to make a calculation in Excel, you can still continue to do that. “The application ensures that everyone now works with the same Excel sheet, since it can only be opened centrally,” says Snelders. This significantly reduces the risk of errors.

## General use of the application

The application can be used in any construction that contains a slab, for example a floor, a wall, a roof or a bridge. “Initially, only rectangular slabs could be calculated and analysed, which was a major limitation,” says Snelders, “This has now been improved to allow for all types of slab shapes to be calculated.” The application is made by developers of VIKTOR, because Heijmans did not yet have the required knowledge to do it themselves.

![Excel and SCIA connected.png](/uploads/Excel_and_SCIA_connected_c24d123297.png)


## Partial automation for now

This is the beginning in terms of automation. "For the time being it is not going to be possible to calculate entire constructions completely, because there is a lot of variation in every project." Snelders explains, "But it is very useful to have components of that construction automatically calculated." There is less variation in the components themselves, so they can be calculated perfectly with an application. This allows the structural engineer to have more time for the more complex and challenging aspects of his/her work.

## More space left for challenging work

Snelders: “The application makes work more fun. I do not find completing an Excel sheet challenging work. ” When filling in cells and copying data, a structural engineer adds little knowledge to the process. Where they do add knowledge is during the schematisation of the construction and the making of a calculation model, in order to subsequently arrive at an optimal and practical choice of reinforcement. "That work still remains, we have mainly automated the repetitive calculations."

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In construction, calculations are often done in Excel sheets that need a lot of developing. Because Heijmans has linked these sheets to SCIA on the VIKTOR platform, automating parts of the process.

Automating the calculation process by linking Excel sheets to SCIA

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Heijmans Automates Concrete Cross-Section Calculations by Linking Excel to SCIA in VIKTOR

## More time to solve complex problems

Previously, many calculations for fender systems were done with rules of thumb. This is no longer possible, due to the stricter new standards. The calculations now have to be done in more detail, which creates a lot of extra work for the engineers. Calculating all options manually one by one is laborious, so it was decided to automate these calculations. Louis: “The calculation of constructions will be increasingly automated. The time gained from this can then be used to solve complex problems.”

### Computers are taking over repetitive calculating 

Peltenburg explains: “Repetitive elements are very suitable for programming, and so can be calculated using an application.” With repetitive elements, the same calculation must always be performed, something that an application on the computer can do much faster than a structural engineer by hand. “Once the repetition is found in a construction, letting a computer do that calculation allows one to save a lot of time,” says Peltenburg.

## An application for automation

### An interface between REFM and VIKTOR
MH Poly uses the calculation software RFEM to calculate the fender systems. Louis was very interested in creating an application for fender systems and asked Peltenburg to work on this together. The application they created contains an interface between the RFEM software and the VIKTOR platform. Peltenburg: “We offer an API to all our customers, on which applications can be made. This was the first time that it has been taken on in a professional manner.”

### Possibilities in a changing sector

In the fall, the application will be presented on the MSc Engineering customer day. “We want to show our customers that the sector is changing and what possibilities there are in terms of automation.” Peltenburg says. Louis, “This application is a pilot to see how it goes, but it is my intention to collaborate more if everything goes well.” You can still register for the customer day via this link.

“The biggest advantage of using VIKTOR is to initiate a change in thinking amongst engineers. There is still a lot of traditional thinking, which has to change to a way that makes better use of ICT developments in the field of engineering”, says Louis. Peltenburg adds, “The nice thing is that you don’t know what will happen in the future. There are so many options it can be used for:  [artificial intelligence](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/40/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-engineering-construction), [Parametric Design](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction), Machine Learning.”

![Integrating REFM analysis systems with the VIKTOR platform](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Dlubal_and_VIKTOR_1a12a7cef7.jpg)


*MH Poly is an engineering company that has been using the computational analysis software RFEM from Dlubal for years. This software is provided by MSc Engineering. Emiel Peltenburg is a specialist at MSc Engineering and distributor of the software RFEM and IDEA StatiCa.*

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Advantages of linking RFEM calculation software to an online platform

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MH Poly Connects RFEM Software to VIKTOR Platform to Automate Fender Systems Calculations

*This blog entry was written by BESIX*

In this blog, the proposed automation strategy for the ongoing design process of the tunnel and its benefit during the detailed design phase compared to traditional methods will be discussed. The present project forms the first application of [parametric design](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) and automation of such magnitude being developed in-house at the BESIX Engineering Department. It reflects our ambition to use these techniques for tackling the ever increasing challenges within the construction industry and simultaneously boosting productivity and the quality of the final product.

## Programming for construction engineering
When encumbered by the limitations of existing software packages, engineering tasks can greatly benefit from customized and automated workflows enabled by custom tools. Though not new, the implementation of programming in construction engineering is rapidly rising. The demand grows due to the ever increasing requirements and complexity of construction projects. In parallel the possibilities increase due to growing computation power, improved availability of Application Programming Interfaces (API’s) and to the rise of visual programming environments that are supported by large online communities, such as Grasshopper or Dynamo.

## Parametric design and automation
About two years ago the in-house Engineering Department of BESIX –Belgium’s largest construction firm– started to explore the potential of [parametric design](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) and automation to enhance engineering activities. 

### Parametric design for a new highway connection

BESIX is part of joint venture De Groene Boog that will design and construct a new highway connection in the North of Rotterdam for Dutch agency Rijkswaterstaat. The project comprises a 2.2 km long tunnel (excluding its entry ramps) of which the BESIX Engineering Department is currently conducting the structural design. Given the fact that repetition is key to ensure a large positive impact (both in terms of efficiency and quality) of any automation strategy, this tunnel design has from the start proven to be an ideal candidate to benefit from automation: it is a linear project with very repetitive geometry described by straightforward logic. In addition, a preliminary and detailed design phase of more than a year was foreseen, creating a risk for various design changes throughout the process that require rework. The project offered a unique opportunity for new developments thanks to this sufficient availability of time and to the high enthusiasm of all involved parties within the consortium for testing novel techniques. It forms the largest application of [parametric design](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) and automation developed inhouse at our engineering department so far.

The scope of automation for the tunnel design at BESIX comprises three parts:

1. the construction of a 3D Building Information Model (BIM);
2. the extraction of 2D technical drawings from this model;
3. structural calculations of the piles and tunnel section.

## A parametric information model

For purposes of coordination, visualization and communication a Building Information Model (BIM) of the tunnel’s structure needed to be created. This model is in a later phase used as the single source for the extraction of technical drawings.

To benefit from the high degree of repetition, we decided to create the model through a series of custom programmes or scripts built upon and interconnecting multiple existing software applications. The model is composed of [parametric objects](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) of which the parameters easily allow their geometry to adapt to the variations present in the tunnel. The scripts automatically place and update these objects together with their parameters and other information. The location of each object is computed from the central road axis (see picture below), which is delivered by an external party. Consequently, a change in road axis can swiftly be propagated to the entire BIM.

![Three steps in the automated creation of the BIM](/uploads/Three_steps_in_the_automated_creation_of_the_BIM_57af2b2ec8.png)

*Three steps in the automated creation of the BIM: external input, i.e. the road axis and top surfaces with cross fall (top); main lines of the linear geometry (middle); view from the resulting structural model (bottom); screenshots from Dynamo and Revit.*

### Spreadsheets

The key parameters that together with the road axis drive the geometry of the model are gathered and managed using a set of spreadsheets. These spreadsheets offer the advantages of ease of use and centralization. They simultaneously serve as the interface between the multiple software packages –each selected for its specific strengths– comprising the automation workflow. From this information, each corner of the linear structural components of the tunnel could accurately be computed. The resulting coordinates are stored into a new spreadsheet that forms the basis upon which the entire model is further constructed. Subsequent tools stepwise populate these numerous coordinates with the parametric objects of walls, floors, piles etc. Due to the vast number of coordinates and objects, the custom developed scripts are no longer merely handy, but become indispensable to ensure that this process can be done in an efficient and accurate manner. The entire workflow is illustrated at the end of the blog.

### A custom tool

It is important to note that various specialized commercial software packages exist for the modelling of linear infrastructure projects based on one or more road axes and a [parametric](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) road or tunnel profile. The coordinates of each corner of each linear structural component can furthermore easily be extracted from these models. The development of a custom tool for this purpose was nevertheless necessitated by the specific segmented tunnel geometry of the present project. The existing software typically creates geometry by sweeping a vertical profile along the road axis. Hence horizontal dimensions are measured normal to the road axis. In contrast, the present project consists of 25m long tunnel segments comprising straight walls, where horizontal dimensions should be measured perpendicular to the walls. A mismatch hence exists at places where the road alignment is bent. Though the difference might be small and mostly fall within construction tolerances, for the detailed design phase (with a minimum requirement of LOD300) we have nevertheless chosen to create a model that accurately corresponds to the design.

## Designing the tunnel

### Workflow automation

Developing the automation workflow for the creation of the [parametric](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) BIM of the tunnel has proven to be a time-consuming act. Multiple iterations of trial and error were required to find a workflow that offers sufficient flexibility to include all design variations throughout the process from model setup to drawing production. Consequently, an initial manual creation of the model within the existing software applications will probably have been faster. Nevertheless, multiple design changes have already taken place throughout the design process that likely have shifted the balance. The lessons learnt will additionally lead to faster developments on future linear construction projects.

### Accuracy, less errors, and flexibility

Apart from time spent or won, the custom workflow improves accuracy and reduces risk of errors during manual actions. Most importantly is the gain in flexibility. Indeed, even a drastic change such as altering the road axis can now be quite efficiently dealt with by rerunning the various scripts. Nevertheless, the adaptability enabled by the developed tools is not infinite, but confined to a predefined design scope. It is important to consider which design changes should be allowed and included at the start of the modelling process, as changes surpassing the foreseen logic are more difficult to incorporate. The reality of a design project of this magnitude has unfortunately proven that this foresight is not always possible, making some rework inevitable.

### Automated drawings

From the information model over 2000 of similar, yet not quite identical 2D drawings need to be extracted. This equals one unique set of drawings for each of the 89 tunnel segments. Automation is imperative to ensure an efficient production process and should furthermore ease the handling of late design changes.

Modern BIM tools greatly facilitate the extraction of drawings from a 3D model. The drawings are views from the 3D model, meaning that a change in the model is directly reflected in any related drawing. Nevertheless, setting up these drawings requires numerous manual actions. The average drawing sheet can easily take up to 8 hours for an experienced draftsman to complete. We have therefore opted to first create a single unique set of drawings of the tunnel to be approved within the project team, which would then serve as an example to be replicated as well as possible through automated procedures.

Our previous experiences have shown that due to repetitive work connected to drawing production greatly gains in time, standardization and accuracy can be made using custom tools with a short development time, reducing a draftsman’s work from an average of 8 hours to 1 hour per drawing sheet. Our goal for the present project is to further minimize the manual post-processing needed by draftsmen and to entirely eliminate this need for 80% of the drawings.

In a first step we automatically produce and manage the creation of drawing sheets and title blocks from a spreadsheet. The spreadsheet containing all drawing sheet information that is needed as input for this automated production is in general readily available for planning purposes. It can hence be efficiently reused for the actual creation of the drawing sheets. During the process, non-textual information can be added to the drawing sheets as well, e.g. QR codes providing a link to the online data management system.

#### Views and scripts

Once the drawing sheets have been prepared, views are created in the model and arranged on the drawing sheets. This process is straightforward to automate when the arrangement has been well considered in advance. Creating scripts to add dimensions to the 2D drawings has in contrast proven to be elaborate. In search for a generic approach to place context-specific annotation, we have opted to add coded markers to the [parametric model](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) objects (inspired by the work of jointventure-partner Mobilis on project RijnlandRoute). Instead of directly dimensioning the objects, their markers are dimensioned, where each marker represents one point in space. The form of annotation is managed in the marker codes, which group points to be added to the same dimension line and define this line’s orientation and relative position. For example markers with a similar code for property X will be added to a linear dimension line for all views oriented along direction Y. Annotation can hence be managed and customized within the modelling environment instead of the scripting environment. Since we have more modellers available than programmers, this is a beneficial feature.

### Promising tests

Though the actual results are due later this year and the drawing automation workflow is still under development, first tests are promising. Numerous drawing sheets and views can be produced in no time and in a highly standardized manner. Full automation has not yet been reached for any drawing set, where particularly the post-processing of annotation remains crucial. We will continue extending the automated actions where the BIM application’s API makes it possible and the potential time gain versus the required development time of the scripts makes it sensible to do so. For indeed, full automation of all drawings will surely not be useful as most unique technical details will simply be more efficient to produce manually using the standard toolset provided by the BIM application.

## Design automation

The present project equally entails repetitive work for the structural design of the tunnel that could be improved through automation. Several small tools are developed in-house to facilitate geotechnical analysis of the foundation and sheet piles. For the design of the reinforced concrete tunnel structure a tool has been developed together with an external partner on a Cloud-based platform (VIKTOR).

### Geotechnical design

Over 6000 foundation piles and 4000 sheet piles are to be designed for the tunnel. First, hundreds of CPT measurements need to be interpreted and matched to the piles for calculation. A spreadsheet has been set up for a custom interpretation of the CPT measurements and a VBA routine to run this process in batch.

For the calculation of the piles, the tools typically used in the Dutch market are straightforward to use, though they do not allow to create [parametric calculation models](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction). To avoid the need to manually change the model input for each unique set of soil and loading conditions along the tunnel, we created another spreadsheet to mimic parametric behaviour. The desired parameters of each individual calculation model are assembled in a single spreadsheet. As the calculation model can be easily read and edited through a text editor, we then use string manipulation to edit the textual contents of the model and create a unique calculation model for each unique set of parameters. These are in a following step computed in batch and the results automatically gathered – again in a spreadsheet– for post-processing.

### Structural design

For the structural design of the concrete floors, walls and roofs, we have collaborated with an external partner from the Netherlands, VIKTOR. Together we have developed a tailored design tool on their cloud-based platform by combining our engineering expertise with their development skills. This tool in a first step assists in setting up the structural models along the entire length of the tunnel for two different structural analysis software packages: a first to compute the internal forces of the tunnel sections and a second to design the structural reinforcement. The models are defined [parametrically](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) to easily set and change the design, while varying loads due to a variable tunnel depth are automatically introduced. The tool subsequently enables batch calculating all models and, most interestingly, afterwards gathers the results from both structural analysis packages and overlays them in a single visual representation (Figure 2). Aside from simply reducing the manual work, the tool hence processes and presents information in new manners providing swift insight for better-informed design decisions.

### Quicker calculations

To assist the geotechnical design, several small tools have been developed in-house based on spreadsheets. These tools are a typical example of a short development time combined with rapid results and great time savings. Of course spreadsheets have long been widely used in engineering. It is important to be aware of their added strength once they are connected to external files and applications.

For the design of the tunnel’s reinforced concrete structure, the developed Cloud-based VIKTOR application drastically speeds up the calculation process and thus allows a change in design approach. Where one would traditionally calculate only a handful of representative tunnel sections, this tool allows calculating hundreds within the same time frame. The tool is hence beneficial to achieve higher precision results and improved insight, which enable fine-tuning the design and reducing material costs.

![design and production automation a16 tunnel rotterdam.png](/uploads/design_and_production_automation_a16_tunnel_rotterdam_36c4f26735.png)
*Visual output of the custom application based on the Viktor platform: single cross-section with bending moments (blue and red) and unity checks (yellow/green lines) (top figure); contour plot visualizing the unity check of the floor along the entire tunnel (results for 8 different segments are shown; bottom figure).*

## Technical or organizational challenge?

Due to its straightforward, repetitive geometry and its scale, the presented tunnel project offered various opportunities to develop customized tools for automation. Simple and accessible tools such as spreadsheets often play an important role, particularly as interface between existing software applications for an improved interoperability. The interactions between the individual workflows and tools could be further improved (e.g. by using the same centrally-stored geometric parameters for all applications; flowchart below). The variety of actors, information requirements, responsibilities and schedules however make this an organizational challenge rather than a technical challenge.

![Flowchart of the automation workflows](/uploads/Flowchart_of_the_automation_workflows_01f11c97e3.png)
*Flowchart of the automation workflows discussed in the present paper. The road axis is input shared by all workflows. Other input parameters -such as dimensions of the tunnel geometry- are of course equally shared, though they are entered in different formats and at different locations due to the varying information requirements. The dynamic links between the workflows should be improved in future projects.*

## Deciding automation

Developing the automated setup of the information model has taken longer than expected, largely due to the incorporation of exceptions on the overall geometrical logic. It should hence always be carefully considered whether these exceptions should be automated in the first place. Once the effort has been made, a huge flexibility for coping with design changes is nevertheless obtained. The various developments for drawing production and geotechnical calculations moreover demonstrated the potential of small tools to have a large profitable effect on time, effort, accuracy and standardisation.

Our enthusiasm about the added value of [parametric design and automation](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) is high and likewise are our ambitions for the present project. Multiple developments are still ongoing and several tools still need to be tested. Their true added value remains to be evaluated to maximally benefit from the present developments in future projects.

See how you can apply [parametric design solutions](https://www.viktor.ai/parametric-design-software) to your projects too. 

### References

“Parametrisch ontwerpen,” Cement: vakblak over betonconstructies, vol. 70, no. 6, pp 4-55, 2018.
Level Of Development (LOD) Specification Part I & Commentary, BIM Forum, 2019, available on https://bimforum.org/lod/

K. Roovers and F. Snoeck, “Parametric Design and Automation for Contracting,” in Proceedings of the IASS Symposium 2018, C. Mueller and S. Adriaenssens, Eds. Boston: MIT, 2018.

Bron: 2019 IABSE congress New York City


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Digital models were set up parametrically to produce a numerous drawings detailed 3D model of the A16 tunnel in Rotterdam, and effectively cope with possible design changes.

Parametric design and product automation for Rotterdam's A16 tunnel

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BESIX uses Parametric Revit & Dynamo Models in VIKTOR to Automate Tunnel Design

The problem with the gravity based foundation (at BAM) was that it was determined or calculated using a number of separate Excel sheets. Among other things, investigation was done on the stability during floating and sinking, the natural frequencies and the strength of the design. You can imagine that this was not done very efficiently.

## The issue of centralization

All members of the project team were working on the same design, but each within their own discipline. So everyone used their own sheets. This caused problems, because if someone changed the input parameters, each team member had to be notified, which would result in everyone updating their own sheets. Making a complete design and calculating all sheets properly therefore took 5 to 10 days. There was this idea that it could be done better, so a tool has been developed to be able to perform these analyses at the same time.

## Bringing it together

For this, all calculations made in Excel have been transferred to an application on the VIKTOR platform. The calculations have been translated into Python code, so some methods had to be changed. The end results have of course remained the same. The advantage of the VIKTOR platform compared to only Python code is the interface (where the input and output parameters are centrally controlled), data management and version control.

This ensures that everyone works with the same input parameters at the same time, without having to manually pass on and adjust them. Everyone is also working on the same version of the design, so no miscommunications or misunderstandings can arise. This is something that can easily happen with separate Excel sheets: several different versions can easily be made.

## More designs, faster!

An analysis now takes a few hours instead of a few days. That is a huge difference, which makes it possible to design faster and make more designs with the same people. A number of designs have already been made, so a new design similar to this is relatively quick. If you make a completely new or large design, it will take a little longer. But is is certainly much quicker to use the application than by the old methods.

This application is made specifically for BAM. It is entirely based on internal documents and tools of BAM. Copying this application to another company is therefore not easy.

![Analysis of gravity-based foundations on the VIKTOR web application](/uploads/gravity_based_foundation_application_59047b4c08.png)

*Analyses of gravity-based foundations in on the VIKTOR web application*

## A building block for future use

What can be re-used is the method used to create the application. Combining different disciplines is a (generic) process, which can be a useful tool for almost all companies. Having separate programs for different parts of a design creates far more misunderstandings than having all data centralized.

## Thus...

In other words, the application for the gravity based foundation ensures that all data is centrally stored and that everyone works with the same version of the design. For example, there are no misunderstandings due to changes in Excel sheets. It is now also easier to make a design together, since the inputs are centrally controlled and everything is done using the same input, so the calculations are more central and clear. “You go from a design in 5 days to a design in 4 hours.”

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BAM: “From 5 days to 4 hours”, huge time savings with the gravity based foundation application made with VIKTOR!

Centralizing data for faster gravity-based foundation analysis

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BAM Centralizes Excel Data for Gravity-Based Foundation Analysis: From 5 Days to 4 Hours 

> "Working more efficiently to make more time for smart solutions” - Heijmans

## Generic applications

Bart Vosslamber is an engineer at Heijmans and explains, “We have now made two applications. One [parametrically](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) calculates the pile bearing capacity for different CPTs, and the other calculates the required concrete cross sections (with reinforcing bars) under different loads.” The advantage of the applications is that they can be used in any project, despite the fact that every construction project is unique.

## Recurring elements

No project is the same, but every project contains elements that often recur. Heijmans made applications precisely for those elements, so that these calculations no longer have to be done manually. Vosslamber: “We are convinced that the future lies in parameterization. You need building blocks that can [solve the parametric issues](https://www.viktor.ai/parametric-design-software). ” The applications are two of such building blocks. They make the process more efficient.

> “We opted for an application about pile bearing capacity, because there are foundation piles in every project. And concrete cross sections must also be reinforced in every project. ” - Bart Vosslamber, engineer at Heijmans

## Anticipating changes

The applications make changes more efficient, for example, and reports are easier to adjust. “Suppose something changes in the design, then all calculations have to be done again,” says Vosslamber. “The application allows you to redo those calculations with the push of a button.” This saves a lot of time, which leads to new ideas and the number of useful tools can increase.

## More apps to come

There are now two applications and the goal is to expand that number. This expansion can be done in two ways, says Vosslamber, “We can now calculate a rectangular slab of concrete, which can be expanded to round sections. In addition, there are even more interesting applications for the future, for example for steel cross sections or load combinations. ” These expansions are also already planned at Heijmans.

## Development with VIKTOR

The applications are made on the VIKTOR platform. Heijmans developed the applications themselves, where they first had training on how to do that. “We have chosen to do it ourselves, because we have the substantive knowledge about structures. When you work with it you are better able to specify what kind of tool you actually want. If I want this as a result, I have to ask it that way", explains Vosslamber.

Using VIKTOR to develop the applications went well. “At VIKTOR they are committed and they answer your questions quickly,” says Vosslamber.

![Heijmans generic application.png](/uploads/Heijmans_generic_application_f80ca27a6b.png)

At Heijmans, they are happy with what the applications can do for them. Vosslamber, “With every construction we come up with, we have to provide a report to substantiate why the construction we have made is strong enough.” The application helps them to draw up that report easily, so that their clients can clearly see how, for example, a cross-section has been made and which calculations are involved.

## Automation and parametrization

Heijmans would like to smarten up and focus on automation and parametrization. The two applications that have now been created are the beginning and more are already planned. Vosslamber, “With these applications we can work more efficiently in every project and we can invest more energy in smart solutions, which is very beneficial for both us and our customers.”

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Heijmans has been working on the development of generic parametric design applications that can be used to automate and optimize processes in many different projects. Read more about it here!

Heijmans builds generic parametric design applications to use in many projects

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Heijmans Builds Reusable Parametric Design Apps with VIKTOR for Use Across Many Projects 

## More calculations in less time

Jo Gijbels is the owner of Whitebox Engineering Software and states: “With the integration between IDEA StatiCa and the VIKTOR plaform, our customers can perform a lot more calculations in less time.”

At BESIX the IDEA StatiCa is mainly used to analyse concrete structures. Instead of having to model a complete 3d structure, they rather analyse a cross-section of a concrete column in detail. Arnout De Schaepmeester is closely involved as end-user in the collaboration: “We have developed a VIKTOR application which enables us to perform a huge amount of calculations of a tunnel in a short period of time.”

## Integrating applications

In this application an integration is created between IDEA StatiCa and VIKTOR. “The application focusses on the calculations of tunnel sections for the project: De Groene Boog”, says De Schaepmeester. “These sections look very similar, but are not identical. They are all slightly different.” Each tunnel section is to be placed on foundation piles of a certain length, to make sure that the tunnel does not sink. Therefore a separate analysis is required for each section, which takes a lot of time.

## Faster performance for optimal results

Time within the project is limited. The more iterations that can be performed within a certain time window, the closer the result will be to the ideal solution. “With the help of VIKTOR, we can, among other things, determine the optimal length of each section” says De Schaepmeester. This results in a reduction of project costs.

## Endless integration possibilities

“Currently we have the integration between the concrete analyses and the VIKTOR plaform. This could of course also be possible for the steel constructions” says Gijbels. “A lot of software packages exist, which are currently unable to collaborate well together. In the future I expect this to change, so that the client can collect all individual results in a clear visualisation.”

## A positive evaluation

The collaboration between BESIX, IDEA StatiCa and VIKTOR was a positive experience for all parties. The developed application enables more efficient calculations with many iterations. This resulted in more optimization within the project, which in turn resulted in material and cost savings, and sustainability. Gijbels: “In the future I expect more automation and more benefits for the customer.”

![IDEA StatiCa and VIKTOR logo](/uploads/IDEA_Stati_Ca_and_VIKTOR_logo_6f943e8e2f.png)


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Besix makes use of IDEA StatiCa in a VIKTOR application “More calculations in less time”

More calculations in less time with IDEA StatiCa in a cloud application

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BESIX Performs More Calculations in Less Time with IDEA StatiCa in VIKTOR Web App

## The old method: expensive and unideal 

The current process is often still based on experience and reasoning. Solutions that have proven themselves in previous projects are often chosen; the solutions for the critical sections are extrapolated. That makes sense. Calculating a section takes a lot of time. However, this method lacks a numerical substantiation for the chosen solution. Real insight into the ideal design is lacking and that can cost a lot of money. The gross extrapolation can result in surplus work and material costs, as well as lead to incorrect assumptions and increasing failure costs.

### Cost optimization through parameterization

It is therefore better to find an optimum with global parameters, such as costs. To determine the approach of solving the problem, an application is needed that can vary parameters on an interdisciplinary level, based on pile types, number of piles, pile lengths versus applied reinforcement, floor thickness, and so on. By linking the structural and geotechnical models to the cost model and combining all these parameters, the cost optimum can be found. A user can then determine the domains within which the application can independently vary these parameters and on the basis of which outcome optima must be found (think of costs, planning or risks). Because there are often several options close to each other, a user can also generate multiple optimized versions and weigh them up.

## Creating an application for parameterization

### Application development

The tuning of parameters and the definition of the process were the starting point for the engineers of Lievense and developers of MOCS. Lievense is involved as an expert and user, while MOCS makes the web-based parametric model and ensures that the process is automated to the right level. Three areas of expertise have been brought together from Lievense: structural, geotechnical and cost-technical. In this way, a multidisciplinary optimization can be performed.

### Application workflow

Within the online application, the user specifies per project the pile types available with the different unit prices. The projects can then be designed within a project. For a design section, a user can upload the GEF files associated with the probes created within a section (GEF is a standardized exchange format for the storage and transfer of geotechnical data). The applications provides a suggestion for a soil layout interpretation, which a geotechnical consultant can adapt.

### Modelling

The modeling of a section starts with a global SCIA model without piles. This prevents manual input of data that is already fixed and that is already available in another source. This SCIA file is uploaded by the user via drag & drop. In VIKTOR, the user can design a pile plan in two ways. “Simple”: the user gives a desired number of posts in the x and y directions. “Detailed”: the user can add rows / columns of piles, centre-to-centre distance from the previous row / column. Other parameters that the structural engineer can manage include reinforcement covers, concrete strength classes, and other design choices.

### Multidisciplinary calculations

It is possible to calculate the specified situation automatically in its entirety with a click of a button. All programs (in this case SCIA, D-Foundations and multiple Excel sheets) are run in the background and no human actions are required to perform the entire multidisciplinary calculation. The load capacity of the pile configuration follows from D-foundations and the required load capacity from SCIA. The section forces are also read from SCIA by the VIKTOR application. Via a linked Excel sheet, VIKTOR can convert this into a required amount of reinforcement. All calculated properties together determine the cost of a design. The results of all calculations are displayed in VIKTOR.

## The results are clear!

Since this part of the process is now fully automated, VIKTOR can also generate and calculate a large number of different pile plans. Because all parameters influence each other, it is not always clear which choice is ultimately the cheapest. Lievense is mainly interested in the mutual connections. These are plotted in VIKTOR in an overview. This allows the manufacturer to make solid choices with the help of his knowledge and expertise. As a control functionality and to keep a good overview of the generated designs, Lievense can download files from created D-foundations and SCIA analyses and view them “locally”.

## The final outcome

Only two sprints were needed to develop the full application. Primarily, the result is insight into the influence of the different parameters, the sensitivity of the parameters to each other and an “optimal” solution direction. It is possible to consider more variants in a shorter period of time compared to before, which provides the numerical substantiation of the chosen “optimal” solution. This can bring a lot of value. Initially in money, but with other models this could also be in terms of risks, construction time, feasibility or other KPIs

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The parameterization of parts of underpass designing is a very attractive option, for it optimalizes and speeds up the process significantly.

Optimal and quick underpass design thanks to parameterization of processes

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Heijmans Achieves Faster Underpass Design by Connecting SCIA and D-Foundations in VIKTOR

![KPI (2).svg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/KPI_2_49951e0964.svg)

![KPI (2).svg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/KPI_2_49951e0964.svg)

</br>

## The Fehmarnbelt tunnel

Spanning 18 kilometres, the [Fehmarnbelt tunnel](https://www.cowi.com/solutions/infrastructure/northern-europe-largest-construction-project) will feature a four-lane motorway and two electrified railway lines. By drastically cutting travel time from over an hour by ferry to just 10 minutes by car and 7 minutes by train, this development not only enhances connectivity but also significantly [reduces traffic emissions](https://femern.com/sustainability/the-fehmarnbelt-tunnel-will-be-built-sustainably/). This is achieved by shifting freight transportation from road to rail, minimizing the need for trucks to cross Storebælt, Denmark, ultimately contributing to a decrease in overall CO2 emissions.

## Challenges of complex tunnel design

In cooperation with COWI a [parametric design application](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction) is developed to optimise the design of the tunnel. 

COWI faced the challenge of managing the complexity of the tunnel’s 79 elements, each measuring 217 meters long and subject to varying loads and soil conditions. This variability necessitated tailored steel reinforcement for each element, making the design process labor-intensive and time-consuming.

![Integrations (3).png](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Integrations_3_86ef1301f9.png)

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## The solution

To address this challenge, the parametric design application, developed on the VIKTOR platform, assists geotechnical and structural engineers in automating the search for optimal design solutions. 

The app integrates with Autodesk Robot and operates 24/7, performing extensive calculations—including load cases, load combinations, concrete crack analysis, and post-processing—on large batches of data. This automation not only speeds up the design process but also ensures the most efficient use of materials, with the total amount of steel used in the tunnel equivalent to about 50 Eiffel Towers and each element weighing 73,000 tonnes. 

 
![Blog_Fehmarnbelt_infographic](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Blog_Fehmarnbelt_infographic_622daea8ce.png)

## Why VIKTOR?

The following clip features an interview with a COWI engineer who contributed to the Fehmarnbelt project and the development of its corresponding VIKTOR application. 

In the recording, Senior Bridge Specliasist Thomas W. Jensen shares insights into the project, explains why VIKTOR was chosen to develop the application and reflects on his experience creating an app with VIKTOR.

<div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1044652569?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="COWI_CASE_FINAL_CUT"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>


 

Thomas W. Jensen

Thomas COWI.jpg

"The VIKTOR application is easy to access and ensures everyone works with the most up-to-date data. Before using VIKTOR, only a few people could manage the data, which caused bottlenecks. Now, colleagues can process it themselves with ease. In a short time, we built a powerful app to handle all our data, freeing up time for optimizations and enabling us to use fewer materials."

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Discover how parametric design is used in an application to automate and optimize the design of the world's longest immersed tunnel on VIKTOR.ai

Automated design of world's longest tunnel | VIKTOR.ai

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COWI Automates Parametric Design for the World's Longest Immersed Tunnel with VIKTOR

## Taking control over the full process

Before this application, Heijmans outsourced the design of wind turbine foundations. Now, with extensive research and the ability to store this knowledge directly in the application, they deliver complete designs themselves. This shift gives them greater control over the entire process.

“Previously, we relied on third parties for wind turbine foundation designs,” Tom notes. “Now, we have all the knowledge in-house, allowing us to communicate faster and avoid rising costs from external consultations. This tool lets us deliver designs much more quickly and efficiently.”

With full control over the process, Heijmans expects to lower costs and improve success rates in tenders.

## Multidisciplinary automation

Heijmans has a history of developing applications to automate and optimize processes for individual departments. However, the Wind Turbine Foundation tool marks a significant shift.

"This project was unlike anything we’d done before," explains Tom Nillesen, Lead Developer of Parametric Design at Heijmans Construction and Geotechnics. "It was our first application that integrated multiple disciplines, making it not only more complex but also much larger."

Heijmans leveraged previously developed logic from earlier applications to build the Wind Turbine tool, which was critical in speeding up the development process. "Reusing code means we don’t have to start from scratch every time," Tom explains. "It saves us time and effort, as we can pull from our Python code library whenever needed."

The Wind Turbine application was Heijmans' first tool designed for use across multiple departments. Wind turbine foundation design requires data from a variety of sources, so Heijmans incorporated input from three departments: Wind Energy, Construction and Geotechnics, and Calculations. The process is complex, starting with the Wind Energy department receiving a tender request. From there, Construction and Geotechnics develops the tender design, which Calculations uses to determine the cost estimate. Once the design is approved, Heijmans oversees the realization of the wind turbine foundation. 

## How the application works

Built on the cloud-based VIKTOR platform, the Wind Turbine tool integrates various calculation software packages, including IDEA StatiCa, SCIA Engineer, and D-Foundations. It handles data from multiple sources, such as soil research, turbine suppliers, and pile types. Here's how the process unfolds:

![wind turbine foundations design automation](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Heijmans_article_img_5c0ad1101c.svg)
 
1. **Input Data:** Information about soil capacity, turbine specifications, and pile types is uploaded and stored within the application. Soil research data is automatically classified, while turbine and pile databases are created for easy access.

2. **Creating a Tender Design:** After all data is uploaded, users can define input parameters like foundation plate size and pile numbers. The tool runs geotechnical calculations via D-Foundations and structural analysis with SCIA Engineer. If the design meets the criteria, a reinforcement design is generated using IDEA StatiCa. Otherwise, adjustments are made, and calculations are re-run.

3. **Cost Calculation:** After completing the calculations, the tool provides specific information to determine the cost of the project.

<div style="padding:56.25% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/641122891?h=6b1e4f46ac&amp;badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Wind Turbine Application impression"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>

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Since the Wind Turbine application is multidisciplinary, it allows all relevant departments to access the necessary information. However, to maintain structure, only designers responsible for calculations actively operate the tool, providing key information to other departments as needed.

## Towards a unified system

The Wind Turbine application was built with collaboration between three departments in mind, but Heijmans has aspirations to create an “umbrella application” that integrates even more departments, such as Soil and Roads, into one seamless workflow.

“Our goal is to build a network of applications across the organization, where any change automatically updates related processes. We’ve started small, but with success from projects like the Wind Turbine tool, we’ll continue expanding,” says Tom.

![wind turbine foundation engineering construction parametric design](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Blog_Heijmans_Wind_Turbine_foundation_project_0229cb1810.jpg)



Discover how you can [develop your own parametric design tools](https://www.viktor.ai/blog/46/parametric-design-cloud-engineering-construction)!


Wind turbine foundation parametric design engineering

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See how engineers at Heijmans used digital buildings blocks to create a parametric design app for wind turbine foundations on VIKTOR.ai

Parametric design of wind turbine foundations | VIKTOR.ai

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Heijmans Automates Wind Turbine Design with SCIA, IDEA StatiCa & D-Foundations in VIKTOR

## More efficient solutions

For years, Arcadis relied on a manual process to design underwater concrete floors. Engineers used a combination of validated Excel sheets and various off-the-shelf software to perform calculations. While this system worked, it came with significant challenges: coordinating between different departments was time-consuming, and the process was rigid, only allowing for the calculation of specific designs under fixed conditions. This made it difficult to explore different scenarios or optimize designs for cost and performance, slowing down project timelines.

Recognizing the need for a more efficient solution, Arcadis set out to automate these calculations. They turned to the VIKTOR platform, where they developed a custom application that integrated their existing Excel-based processes. This new tool allowed engineers to quickly experiment with different input parameters, exploring a variety of design options with ease. By automating these calculations, they drastically reduced the time spent on coordination and improved the flexibility of their designs.

What began as a pilot for underwater concrete floors soon evolved into a broader solution. The success of this initial tool paved the way for additional applications, helping Arcadis tackle other engineering challenges like the design of submersible tunnels, noise barriers, and underpasses. 


![Blog_Arcadis_Rotonde](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Blog_Arcadis_Rotonde_3d11885327.png)

*© Arcadis Architecten (Tom Kramer) commissioned by Province of North-Holland.*

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## Integrating software to streamline processes

Arcadis expanded its initial application by integrating additional software tools, like Deltares, SCIA Engineer, and IDEA StatiCa, to create a comprehensive construction pit design tool. This tool connects Deltares' D-Sheetpiling and D-Foundations software, allowing for the automated calculation of tensile piles, sheet piles, and soil layer analysis via CPT uploads. What began as a tool for underwater concrete floors grew into a full-featured application that automates the design of the entire construction pit, including cost estimation based on the generated designs.

> “The tool was first created for underwater concrete calculations, but in the end, it became a total construction pit design tool. We can now fully calculate the underwater concrete, pile foundations, and the sheet piles of the construction pit itself.” – Mark van Esseveld, Project Manager at Arcadis

By extracting data from D-Sheetpiling and processing pile reactions through Excel and D-Foundations, the tool automates multiple design scenarios. This integration streamlines the design process, reducing manual input and allowing engineers to focus on optimization.

> “As an engineer, you use a lot of programs for different construction types. VIKTOR allows these programs to communicate with each other, which reduces errors and speeds up the design process.” – Peter Konijnenbelt, Senior Designer at Arcadis

![App1.jpg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/App1_7180d95812.jpg)

*Excavation results from D-Sheetpiling*

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![App2.jpg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/App2_94ab4f1d34.jpg)

*Optimal pile tip levels from D-Foundations*

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## Optimal design based on costs

Arcadis added a cost optimization component to the tool, automating the calculation and evaluation of designs based on cost parameters such as the amount of steel used and installation costs. Each design is matched with a price, allowing Arcadis - or the client - to select the most cost-effective solution for the project.

> “We provide the client with full transparency on design options based on a range of parameters. This allows them to select the optimal design based on costs and other criteria.” – Mark van Esseveld, Project Manager at Arcadis


![App4.jpg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/App4_61703132b4.jpg)

*Presentation of the optimization results via a parallel coordinates plot*

</br>

![App5.jpg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/App5_b83d2e2694.jpg)

*Alternative representation of the optimization results via a contour plot*

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## Interdisciplinary collaboration made possible

When asked about the most significant benefit of the VIKTOR application, Arcadis points to improved efficiency. The tool enables a single engineer to handle tasks that previously required collaboration between a designer and a geotechnical expert, saving time while delivering higher-quality results. This efficiency allows Arcadis to explore more design options at the same cost, providing greater value to clients.

> “We can do more in less time, optimizing the design as we go. The process is smoother, and the results are more accurate, which is a big advantage for our clients.” – Mark van Esseveld, Project Manager at Arcadis

By automating steps and integrating various software tools, the application reduces manual data transfer, minimizes errors, and speeds up the design process. Specialists still review results, but the automation allows them to focus on validation rather than repetitive calculations.

## Accessible automation for non-experts

Thanks to its user-friendly interface, the construction pit tool is widely used within Arcadis by divisions such as Construction, Geotechnics, and Costs. The VIKTOR platform’s intuitive design guides users through the process, making it easy for non-experts to utilize the tool and participate in the design process.

> “The VIKTOR platform is highly user-friendly, even for colleagues who aren’t programmers. It simplifies the design process, generates clear outputs, and accelerates the calculation process, improving both speed and quality.” – Mark van Esseveld, Project Manager at Arcadis

## Scaling innovation

The success of the construction pit tool has inspired further application development across Arcadis. The code developed for this tool is being reused to create similar applications for other divisions, such as the Buildings and Water division, demonstrating the scalability and adaptability of VIKTOR’s platform.

> “We’re building a code library that makes it easier to develop new apps for future projects. This allows us to continuously expand our digital capabilities across the organization.” – Peter Konijnenbelt, Senior Designer at Arcadis



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Discover how Arcadis accelerated its digital transformation with VIKTOR, automating complex engineering processes and integrating tools like D-Foundations, Excel, and SCIA Engineer to improve efficiency and optimize designs.

Arcadis accelerates digital transformation with VIKTOR

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Arcadis Boosts Digital Transformation by Connecting D-Sheet, SCIA & IDEA StatiCa in VIKTOR

Application development engineering Python

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Discover how engineers at WSP use VIKTOR to develop their own Cloud apps for colleagues without programming experience.

WSP engineers build apps to automate processes with VIKTOR

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WSP Builds SCIA & Excel-connected Engineering Apps with VIKTOR

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VINCI uses VIKTOR to automate the calculation of over 200 crane foundation designs yearly. Read more.

How VINCI yearly saves 300 days calculating crane foundation designs

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VINCI Saves 300 Days/Year on Crane Foundation Design with Grasshopper & Autodesk in VIKTOR

![KPI.svg](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/KPI_17a776e6eb.svg)

</br>


## Giant potential

The idea to create the Building Structural Design tool came to life about one and a half years ago following Arcadis’ strategy to excel in the design of industrial buildings. Due to the increased request for constructions such as gigafactories, warehouses, and data centers quickly being erected all around us, Arcadis saw giant potential in the development of an application for the automation of structural building designs. 

<div style="padding:56.24% 0 0 0;position:relative;"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/1054935432?badge=0&amp;autopause=0&amp;player_id=0&amp;app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;" title="Arcadis VIDEO"></iframe></div><script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script>


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## Go global!

Since technologies in different regions are essentially not much different from one another, and the knowledge about structural engineering is also similar, Arcadis decided to approach this development on a global scale. Thus, an application was created that can be used by all Arcadis regions worldwide. “Thanks to our active group of stakeholders and end users all over the world, we have been able to make the application accessible to everyone working in the realm of structural engineering within Arcadis,” says Michael van Telgen, Design Automation Specialist at Arcadis. “Structural engineers and consultants in different Arcadis regions are picking up the tooling and applying it to their work.”

## Preliminary and conceptual design

Built specifically for structural engineers and consultants, the Building Structural Design tool is intended for usage in the conceptual and preliminary stages of a design. It focuses mainly on aspects like cost and sustainability. The purpose is to help engineers quickly create a design using input from the architect about a building’s dimensions. According to Igor Pecanac, Specialist Engineer at Arcadis: “Most of our work lies within the conceptual and preliminary stages of a design, so those are the areas we want to focus on. These are also the areas where most commercial tooling is lacking.” 

![BSD tool frame design.png](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/BSD_tool_frame_design_c6dff359cc.png)

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![BSD tool elements design.png](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/BSD_tool_elements_design_841c64990d.png)

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In the app, engineers can enter basic information about the building dimensions and sustainability requirements and try different grid options to automatically calculate required element sizes for, for example, columns, beams, and floors using RFEM. Depending on their region, engineers can choose the correct design code before determining loads and material types. Pecanac adds: “The app automatically generates the structure for you. This would normally be done by a structural engineer themselves. Instead, the app does this in just 4 seconds.”

![Integrations (1).png](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/Integrations_1_d77a4bd052.png)


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## Sustainability and resources

 Using the tool, engineers and consultants can now design buildings and analyze them in 90 to 100% less time than before. This has an enormous impact on productivity, as engineers can now look at anywhere from 100 to 500 variants of a design whereas this number was previously only 2 to 3. The tool also allows engineers to make better and more well-informed decisions regarding costs and sustainability. This allows for more informed discussions with clients about their different options, helping them make balanced choices that lead to the most optimal cost-to-CO2 emission ratio. 

“Clients are requesting more information in less time, and engineers need to take more factors into account in the design process,” says Pecanac, “which is only possible if you have tools like this to your avail. The impact on productivity is simply enormous.”

![BSD tool calculation report.png](https://cms.viktor.ai/uploads/BSD_tool_calculation_report_069eafb274.png)

*Building Structural Design tool: Calculation report*

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## Tool suite

The Building Structural Design tool is actually not one application, but a suite of multiple different apps on the VIKTOR platform, such as for the calculation of foundations, floors, and wind loads. The Building Structural Design tool is at the heart of it all with a focus on creating a general building design. The other apps can be used to further expand upon and specify information regarding the different elements inside a building. “We purposely separated these design choices from the main application,” says Pecanac. “We don’t want to overwhelm people by presenting 100 options to use at once.”

## The future of (structural) engineering

The Building Structural Design tool is just one of many developments Arcadis has been working on on the VIKTOR platform. In 2021, they started the development of their first app for the design of underwater concrete floors. By now, this tool has been used on several large projects, such as the design of the underpass and aqueduct in the N247 highway in the Netherlands. 
It is clear that automation software can be used in all kinds of engineering disciplines to increase productivity, and specifically in the field of structural engineering. “If you don’t do anything with automation in this area, you risk losing to your competitors,” says van Telgen. “New technologies like VIKTOR help democratize, standardize, and reuse a lot of knowledge to increase efficiency, productivity, and overall quality of work.”






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Leading design, engineering, and management consulting firm Arcadis develops its own structural engineering tools to increase productivity and sustainability and save resources. Read more on VIKTOR.ai!

How Arcadis develops next gen structural engineering tools with VIKTOR

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Arcadis Develops Next-Gen Structural Engineering Tools with SCIA & IDEA StatiCa in VIKTOR

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